Cement grout is grouted in rock joints of the foundations of dams to prevent water leakage and strengthen the foundation. One of the techniques used to control the grouting operation is the grouting intensity number (GIN), which is equal to the sum of the grouting pressure and volume and represents the grouting energy. Pressure in the rock joints creates a hydraulic lifting force that should not exceed its allowable limit so as not to lead hydraulic jacking and failure. The maximum pressure and grouting intensity number are determined accordingly. Simplifying the plan of the grouted joint, which is modeled as a thin cylinder with a radius of the grouting extension radius, the present study determines the relationship between hydraulic lifting force with grouting pressure and grouting intensity number. In this regard, the joint aperture coefficient was defined and determined based on the rock permeability (the amount of joint aperture). Then, following the geometry of rock-soil mass at the top of the joint, which is considered as a truncated cone with a β angle, for the first time approximate and exact mathematical equations were obtained to determine the permissible hydraulic lifting force (based on the approximate and exact formulas of truncated cone volume). Besides, its approximate and exact mathematical equations were compared. Then, following the principle that the hydraulic lifting force should not exceed the allowable limit, the maximum pressure and grouting intensity number were determined. Finally, by defining two parameters the Normal pressure and the Normal spreading length, the maximum Normal pressure was set so that the hydraulic lifting force to be within the allowable range and prevent hydraulic jacking and failure

Jet grouting is a method for improving of soil properties and its physical characteristics. However, in this method due to high pressure and velocity of cement slurry the soil structure has been damaged as some parts are moved from the borehole replacing with cement slurry. The grains, which are remained in the borehole, mixed with slurry (cement) and create an improved mass of soil. This mass is named “Soilcrete”. Soilcrete mass has special characteristics such as high strength, low deformability and very low permeability. In this paper, principles governing to jet grouting and effective parameters have been explained. Then the test results obtained from Soilcrete column have been analyzed and discussed. Based on the results, jet grouting has led to increase and improvement of physical and mechanical characteristics of soils, i.e. uniaxial compressive strength, cohesion and internal friction angle. Finally the values of jet grouting parameters are recommended in order to achieve larger diameters in the mentioned site based on trial grouting results .

Purpose: Language sample analysis (LSA) is one of the best methods of language evaluation and mean length of utterance (MLU), and also it is one of the most popular methods for analyzing language samples in children. Spontaneous utterance sampling determining MLU requires a lot of time and now it is not clear how many utterance in spontaneous speech sample of Persian-speaking children can represent their ability in morphology and syntax. Determining the relationship between the length of language sample and the MLU can help further research in determining the reliable sample to evaluate MLU in Persian speaking children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of language sample length on MLUm (Mean length of Utterance in Morpheme) in Persian-speaking children aged 4-5 years. Methods: 30 children (15 girls and 15 boys) were selected from kindergartens in Babol. Language sampling was performed in a 30-minute free play between the child and researcher. Four sets of speech samples in different lengths of 50, 100, 150, and 200 utterances were transcripted sequentially. The mean MLUm in different lengths was compared by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Results: The mean MLUm was significantly different in samples with 50 (mean = 4. 40) and 150 (mean = 4. 71), and samples with 50 (mean = 4. 40) and 200 (mean = 4. 79) utterances. No significant difference was found between MLUm in other lengths (p<0/05). Conclusion: In spontaneous speech samples of Persian-language children, the length of the language sample was effective on MLUm, therefore, that an increase in sample length of more than 100 utterance can improve the MLUm. This effect is not significant in language samples with more than 100 utterances.

Background: General information about the ulnar impaction syndrome is scarty and often neglected. The ulnar styloid process and ulnar variance have important roles in this syndrome. The statistical data related to these factors is not enough in Iranian literature. This study measured ulnar styloid length and ulnar variance in a group of healthy adults.Methods: In a prospective study, the ulnar styloid length and ulnar variance were measured on the posteroanterior view on 140 of wrist radiographs in a training hospital in Shiraz-Iran. The relative length of the ulnar styloid process and the ulnar impaction potential were assessed with the styloid-capitate ratio (SCR) and ulnar styloid process index (USPI), respectively. Clinical examination of the wrists for ulnar impaction was also done.Results: The mean ulnar styloid length was 5.38±1.45 mm. The average styloid-capitate ratio (SCR) was.24±.06 and the average of ulnar styloid process index (USPI) was.34±.11.40.71% of the radiographic views in SCR, and 56.42% in USPI were more than average. The ulnar variance showed 19.3% neutral (23% male, 10% female), 12.1% positive (11% male, 15% female) and 68.6% negative (66% male, 75% female) measurements.Conclusion: It seems a long ulnar styloid process with SCR>.24±.06 or an overall styloid length greater than 6 mm is one of the most important cause of pain in ulnar sided wrist pain in our population.

Development of Normal faults is caused by extension regimes that have spread in many parts of crust specially in continental rifting and oceanic ridges. Furthermore, Normal faults may develop in an pecial condition in some areas under the compression regimes (mainly folds, thrusts and reverse faults are produced in this situation). Compression process may cause.folding and uplifting. Uplifting can produce surface tension forces and then the Normal faults could form. Normal faults are formed clearly due to accumulation hige sedimentary materials in the northern and south parts of Makran region (south margin of Jazmourian and Makran coastral area). The procedure under wich the Normal faults in the coastal area form differs to those in the south margin of Jazmourian. The absolute movement uplifting of the footwall in the reverse faults in the margin of Jazmourian causes their appearance as relatively Normal faults.Whereas, the development Normal faults in the Makran coast is affected by surface tension forces, induced by the uplift and absolute movement of hanging wall of reverse faults. So that uplifted parts under the effect of gravitional unstability produces Normal faults. Also the accumulation of faults dip toward south and vertical extension fractures (hoo) are in agreement with this subject.

grouting proceedings are one of the ways to decrease permeability and to increase the resistance and fixation of jointed rocks in construction area. One of the following issues in this operation is to estimate the penetrating radius and the amount of cement grout that has been introduced as the main parameters of grouting operation. The analytical and numerical methods have been used to estimate these parameters. In analytical method 5 models were presented. In numerical modeling the profile of rock block, bore and grouted cleft were designed by UDEC software and then grout features and final pressure of grouting were entered. To investigate the above models, as a case study, the geotechnical data and grouting information of Seymareh site dam were used.The results of numerical and analytical modeling were compared with the real corrode (recorded in site) and analyzed. The computations show that in analytical modeling, the first model (Janson) can provide a better and more suitable assessment from the amount of injected grout in comparison with other models. The results of numerical modeling have acceptable accordance with the results of analytical models. But totally, numerical modeling can provide better assessment in the amount of injected grout. However, numerical computations are time taking and not easy to do in field because of the lack of calculating facilities during the operation, so, the use of analytical models, due to some simplifications, seems to be more practical during the grouting operation.

In this paper, the improvement potential of calcareous sand produced in Kish Island by using a chemical grout is investigated.The main characteristics of this sand are its high voids ratio and tendency to be crushed under moderate stresses. The improvement process of sand is conducted using a sodium silicate grout injected with additives such as formamide and sodium aluminate. Samples were prepared in different initial relative densities and then grouted. It is observed that the maximum uniaxial strength, initial tangent modulus and failure strain are obtained in water/silicate ratio of 0.5. Uniaxial strength and initial tangent modulus are increased with time but failure strain variation with time is a function of water/sodium silicate ratio and additives content. Formamide increases and sodium aluminate decreases the uniaxial strength and initial tangent modulus. Furthermore, increasing of grain size decreases grouted sand uniaxial strength. Uniform grading results in brittle and non-uniform grading results in ductile stress-strain behavior. Presence of sulphates and chlorides solved in water reduces the uniaxial strength and increases the initial tangent modulus of grouted sand.

A new chemical grouting method has been developed for conglomerate formations based on the experimental studies. Due to the lack of chemical grouting experience of conglomerate formations, the testing programs were performed to evaluate the performance of chemical grouting in the water sealing of part of conglomerate foundation of Karkheh earth dam using a combination of field and laboratory tests. First, the chemical grouts alone were examined with regard to viscosity-time behavior, gelation time, temperature-influence, stability, and deformability. These laboratory tests, led to the selection of the final chemical grout which was a solution of sodium silicate, water, and ethyl acetate as reactant. The second step tested grout-soil interaction: The inject ability and permeability reduction of the selected chemical grout was examined in field injection tests. In this step two field tests were performed including shallow test holes without hydrostatic pressure and full scale tests under dam real hydrostatic pressure head. Based on these two field injection tests, performed in the conglomerate foundation of Karkheh dam, a new chemical grouting method for conglomerate formations is proposed and satisfactory results led to the recommendation of this method for eventually successful application.

Introduction: Cervical disability for preservation of pregnancy is called cervical insufficiency. On time diagnosis of cervical insufficiency is important for preventing actions. Endovaginal sonography is one of the most important methods. The importance of cervical length measurement is to diagnose cervical insufficiency and to decide on cerclage. In this study, we evaluated endovaginal sonography assessment of the cervical length changes during a Normal pregnancy.Materials and Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, endovaginal sonography was performed to measure the cervical length and the mean of the cervical lengths on 150 pregnant women (50 in every trimester). They were  compared together by the one way Anova test. The patients were followed until labor. Twin pregnancies and cases with a history of uterus curettage, cervical anomaly, preterm labor and cerclage were eliminated from the study.Results: The mean of the cervical length in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy were 39 mm, 40.7mm and 39.3mm, respectively. Also, the minimum and the maximum length of the cervix in the same trimesters were: 28 and 56 mm, 26 and 52 mm, 27 and 52mm, respectively. It was noted to history of Normal vaginal delivery (NVD), past cesarean and the first pregnancy. The minimum cervical length was seen in the first pregnancy and the maximum cervical length was seen in past NVD. Between the means of cervical length in three trimesters of pregnancy there was no significant statistical difference, but there was a significant statistical difference between the mean cervical length and the maternal parity. On the other hand between maternal age and cervical length there was no significant statistical difference.Conclusion: By comparing the mean cervical length in three trimesters, 39 mm was accepted for mean cervical length in different trimesters. There was a significant statistical correlation between the mean cervical lengths and multiparity with no preterm labor history, so it is safer if there is no preterm labor history in a multiparous pregnant woman.